India is a tropical country and many tropical diseases are endemic. The important ones include Cholera, Dengue fever, Amoebic and Shigella dysentery, Hepatitis, Malaria, Meningitis, Typhoid, Tuberculosis and Leprosy. Some of these pose a major health hazard to the passing tourist.
It is worthwhile to get vaccinations and immunizations against the following prior to travel to India. Tetanus and Diphtheria, Polio, Typhoid, Hepatitis A and B, Meningococcal meningitis, TB, Rabies and Japanese B encephalitis. Record all vaccinations in the International Health Certificate available at your local Physician or Health department.
International tourists should carry their Yellow Fever Vaccination Certificate conforming to International Health Regulations, if they originate or are transiting through countries where Yellow Fever is endemic. International travelers / tourists originating from the USA, UK and Canada do not require any mandatory vaccinations.
The International Health Certificate is not normally asked for by immigration officials, however it is better to carry one. It may be of immense help in case of a medical emergency.
To avoid Malaria and Dengue fever, carrying mosquito repellents, nets, and using sprays against insects in rooms is usually sufficient. A first aid kit carrying adhesive bandages, thermometer, water-purification tablets, antibiotics, antiseptic creams and mosquito repellents is recommended of every tourist.
It is recommended that sticking to a vegetarian diet is an excellent way of preventing gastrointestinal diseases, should you eat meat, please make sure that it is properly and completely cooked. Avoid eating food from roadside stalls, pork products, fried food and food that is very oily. Food in reputable restaurants is usually safe, they are required to maintain health standards.
Drinking only mineral / bottled or boiled water is highly recommended to prevent gastrointestinal diseases.
Medical Facilities in Goa
Goa has better health facilities for its size as compared to the rest of India. As far as specialized treatment is concerned, there is a difference and most locals travel to Bombay for it. The apex medical institution in Goa is the Goa Medical College Hospitals and their campus is located at Bambolim. The other towns of Mapusa and Margao are served by district hospitals, namely the Asilo Hospital in Mapusa and the Hospicio Hospital in Margao. Vasco da Gama has a good private hospital , the Salgaocar Medical Research Center. There are a lot of cottage hospitals and primary health centers in every small town and village.There are also private hospitals around state which provide good medical attention.
Night Pharmacies 
